We’ve all heard about cavities or dental decay, and most of us have probably had one (or a few). But what exactly are dental cavities, how can they affect your smile and how can you prevent them?

What Is a Dental Cavity?

A dental cavity is a hole or area of decay in your tooth. It begins when dental plaque (a sticky bacterial film) builds up on teeth. The bacteria in dental plaque feed on sugars from your food and produce acid, which slowly eats away at the tooth enamel, the hard outer layer of your tooth.

When dental decay is left untreated, the tooth decay can go deeper, affecting the dentin (the softer inner layer) and eventually reaching the tooth’s nerve, causing pain, infection, or even tooth loss.

What Causes Cavities?

Several factors can increase your risk of getting cavities:

• Poor oral hygiene – Not brushing and flossing regularly allows plaque and bacteria to build up.
• Frequent snacking or sugary drinks – Especially sticky or acidic foods and beverages.
• Dry mouth – Saliva helps flush away food and neutralize harmful acids. Less saliva = more risk.
• Deep tooth grooves – Some people naturally have deeper grooves on the top of their teeth that trap food and bacteria more easily.
• Not seeing your dentist regularly – Cavities can develop quietly. Regular checkups catch them early.

Signs You Might Have a Cavity

Dental cavities aren’t always painful at first, but here are some signs to watch for:

• Toothache or spontaneous pain
• Sensitivity to sweets, hot or cold
• Visible holes or pits in your teeth
• Staining (brown, black, or white spots)
• Pain when biting down

How Are Cavities Treated?

If your dentist finds a cavity, they’ll usually:

1. Remove the decayed part of the tooth
2. Fill the hole with a dental filling which is made from composite resin, amalgam, or other materials

For more severe decay, treatments might include:

• Dental Crowns – for large cavities that weaken the tooth
• Root canals – if decay reaches the nerve
• Tooth Extractions – if the tooth is too damaged to save

How to Prevent Cavities

The good news? Cavities are almost 100% preventable. Here’s how:

• Brush twice a day with fluoride toothpaste
• Floss daily to remove plaque between teeth
• Limit sugary foods and drinks
• Drink water regularly, especially after eating
• Visit your dentist for cleanings and checkups at least twice a year
• Ask about sealants or fluoride treatments for extra protection, especially for kids

Dental cavities may be common, but they’re not something to ignore. With a good oral hygiene routine, healthy habits, and regular dental visits, you can keep your teeth strong and healthy and lower your risk of cavities.

Do you have a toothache, or do you think you might have a cavity? Don’t wait! Early treatment makes all the difference. Call us today to book your appointment!